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A Concise History of the ECG: Difference between revisions
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'''1884''' John Burden Sanderson and Frederick Page publish some of their recordings. Burdon Sanderson J, Page FJM. On the electrical phenomena of the excitatory process in the heart of the tortoise, as investigated photographically. J Physiol (London) 1884;4:327-338 | '''1884''' John Burden Sanderson and Frederick Page publish some of their recordings. Burdon Sanderson J, Page FJM. On the electrical phenomena of the excitatory process in the heart of the tortoise, as investigated photographically. J Physiol (London) 1884;4:327-338 | ||
[[image:Waller.jpg|thumb|150px|left|A.D. Waller with his famous bulldog Jimmy]]'''1887''' British physiologist Augustus D. Waller of St Mary's Medical School, London publishes the first human electrocardiogram. It is recorded with a capilliary electrometer from Thomas Goswell, a technician in the laboratory. <cite>Waller</cite> | [[image:Waller.jpg|thumb|150px|left|A.D. Waller with his famous bulldog Jimmy]]'''1887''' British physiologist Augustus D. Waller of St Mary's Medical School, London publishes the first human electrocardiogram. It is recorded with a capilliary electrometer from Thomas Goswell, a technician in the laboratory. <cite>Waller</cite> This was shortly after the "Cruelty to Animals Act" had been accepted in the British parliament, which lead to questions in the House of Commons. | ||
Q. 'At a converzaione [sic] of the Royal Society at Burlington House on May 12th last, a bulldog was cruelly treated when a leather strap with sharp nails was wound around his neck and his feet were immersed in glass jars containing salts in solution, and the jars in turn were connected with wires to galvanometers. Such a cruel procedure should surely be dealt with under the "Cruelty to Animals Act" of 1876?' | |||
A. 'The dog in question wore a leather collar ornamented with brass studs, and he was placed to stand in water to which some sodium chloride had been added, or in other words, common salt. If my honourable friend had ever paddled in the sea, he will appreciate fully the sensation obtained thereby from this simple pleasurable experience!' | |||
'''1887''' McWilliam provided the first detailed description of VF, and demonstrated how VF in man could be terminated by electric shocks applied through a large pair of electrodes: the first description of defibrillation in man.<cite>McWilliam1</cite><cite>McWilliam2</cite> | '''1887''' McWilliam provided the first detailed description of VF, and demonstrated how VF in man could be terminated by electric shocks applied through a large pair of electrodes: the first description of defibrillation in man.<cite>McWilliam1</cite><cite>McWilliam2</cite> | ||
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'''1890''' GJ Burch of Oxford devises an arithmetical correction for the observed (sluggish) fluctuations of the electrometer. This allows the true waveform to be seen but only after tedious calculations. <cite>Burch</cite> | '''1890''' GJ Burch of Oxford devises an arithmetical correction for the observed (sluggish) fluctuations of the electrometer. This allows the true waveform to be seen but only after tedious calculations. <cite>Burch</cite> | ||
'''1891''' British physiologists William Bayliss and Edward Starling of University College London improve the capillary electrometer. They connect the terminals to the right hand and to the skin over the apex beat and show a "triphasic variation accompanying (or rather preceding) each beat of the heart". These deflections are later called P, QRS and T. | '''1891''' British physiologists William Bayliss and Edward Starling of University College London improve the capillary electrometer. They connect the terminals to the right hand and to the skin over the apex beat and show a "triphasic variation accompanying (or rather preceding) each beat of the heart". These deflections are later called P, QRS and T. <cite>Bayliss1</cite> and <cite>Bayliss2</cite> They also demonstrate a delay of about 0.13 seconds between atrial stimulation and ventricular depolarisation (later called PR interval). On the electromotive phenomena of the mammalian heart. Proc Phys Soc (21st March) in J Physiol (London) 1891;12:xx-xxi | ||
'''1893''' Willem Einthoven introduces the term 'electrocardiogram' at a meeting of the Dutch Medical Association. (Later he claims that Waller was first to use the term). Einthoven W: Nieuwe methoden voor clinisch onderzoek [New methods for clinical investigation]. Ned T Geneesk 29 II: 263-286, 1893 | '''1893''' Willem Einthoven introduces the term 'electrocardiogram' at a meeting of the Dutch Medical Association. (Later he claims that Waller was first to use the term). Einthoven W: Nieuwe methoden voor clinisch onderzoek [New methods for clinical investigation]. Ned T Geneesk 29 II: 263-286, 1893 | ||
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#Lewis Levy AG, Lewis T. ''Heart irregularities, resulting from the inhalation of low percentages of chloroform vapour, and their relationship to ventricular fibrillation.'' 1911. Heart 3: 99– 112 | #Lewis Levy AG, Lewis T. ''Heart irregularities, resulting from the inhalation of low percentages of chloroform vapour, and their relationship to ventricular fibrillation.'' 1911. Heart 3: 99– 112 | ||
#Hoffman Hoffman A. ''Fibrillation of ventricles at the end of an attack of paroxysmal tachycardia in man''. 1912. Heart 3: 213– 18 | #Hoffman Hoffman A. ''Fibrillation of ventricles at the end of an attack of paroxysmal tachycardia in man''. 1912. Heart 3: 213– 18 | ||
#Bayliss1 Bayliss WM, Starling EH. ''On the electrical variations of the heart in man.'' Proc Phys Soc (14th November) in J Physiol (London) 1891;13:lviii-lix | |||
#Bayliss2 Bayliss WM, Starling EH. ''On the electromotive phenomena of the mammalian heart.'' Proc R Soc Lond 1892;50:211-214 | |||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||