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Ethnic differences in ECG parameters are commonly observed. A recent study investigated ethnic differ

'''Q: This ECG shows intermittent sinusrhythm and an arrhythmia. What is the arrhythmia an

<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">a free electrocardiography (ECG) course and textbook to which anyone can contribute ,<br /> designed for medical pr * [[ECG course|ECG course]]

[[File:E295.jpg|thumb|600px|left|This is an ECG from a 62 year old man with a low ejection fraction and a Thallium-201 stud

[[Image:12leadLBTB.png|thumb| Left bundle branch Block on a 12 lead ECG.]] ...BTB002.jpg|thumb| Another example of Left bundle branch Block on a 12 lead ECG.]]

ECG characteristics of hyperkalemia, high blood potassium: ECG-characteristics of hypocalcemia, low blood calcium:

[[File:E000600.jpg|thumb|An example of an ECG with sinus arrhythmia. This was a young patient without any symptoms. This

Left and right ventricular hypertrophy can be distinguished on the ECG: To diagnose left ventricular hypertrhophy on the ECG one of the following criteria should be met:

[[Image:KJcasus5.jpg|700px|thumb|left|ECG MI 16. Click on image for enlargement.]] **Compare with the old ECG (not available, so skip this step)

[[Image:ECG_RBTB_LAtrD.jpg|thumb| A 12 lead ECG with right bundle branch block, left axis (LAFB)(and [[P wave morphology|le ...fic definition of RBBB is given by the ACC/ESC consensus document<cite>ESC-ECG</cite>:

[[File:ECG000032.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The ECG of a patient with CPVT in rest is normal]] [[File:ECG000033.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The ECG of the same patient with CPVT during exercise. Asterisks mark polymorphic v

...= WPW pattern + symptoms). Not all patients with a WPW ''pattern'' on the ECG are symptomatic. The prevalence of the WPW or pre-exitation pattern is rela ...ccessory bundle connects are the first to depolarize. This is shown on the ECG as a delta wave. The QRS-complex is somewhat widened (> 0.10 sec). Also the

| caption1 = A Normal ECG ...d I. They are one of the most common causes of right axis deviation on the ECG!

[[File:E0007921.jpg|thumb|600px|left|This is an ECG from a 67 year old man with a low ejection fraction. The patient is followe

[[File:E0003163.jpg|thumb|600px|left|This is an ECG strip and an audio recording from a patient checking his Medtronic VVI pace

...ker one month before. The pacer was programed to VVI mode and AAI mode and ECG recordings were made. Also a PA and lateral chest x-ray was taken. The ques

...logical examinations (X-ray, echo) were without abnormalities. Part of the ECG is shown in figure 1. Only the extremity leads are shown (standard calibrat ms (rate slightly lower than 100 beats/min). The wide intervals on the ECG result from a blocked atrial impulse every fourth beat. The block is at the

except for a relatively slow heart rate (45 beats/min). Her ECG is presented in figure 1.

[[Image:KJcasus6.jpg|700px|thumb|left|ECG MI 17. Click on image for enlargement.]] **Compare with the old ECG (not available, so skip this step)

...echocardiography, 24-h ambulatory Holter monitoring, and exercise testing. ECG Features of cardiac diseases detectable at pre-participation screening in y ...eased with age and level of exercise. In young amateur athletes they found ECG abnormalities in about 7%, a number that rose to 40% in "adult elite athlet

heart failure. The ECG on admission is shown in

[[Image:Brugada.png|thumb|Typical ECG abnormalities in Brugada syndrome: ST elevation in V1-V3, without ischemia. [[Image:Brugada_ecg_characteristics.svg|thumb| Typical ECG abnormalities in Brugada syndrome]]

'''Q: ECG of a 28 year old man with atypical chestpain. (Lead V3 is at V4R position).

[[Image:SSS_ecg_001.jpg|thumb|ECG with Sick Sinus Syndrome. Rapid atrial fibrillation abruptly stops.]]

'''Question: What rhythm is shown on the ECG and what may be the cause?'''

...abnormalities, nor does laboratory investigation or echocardiography. Her ECG is presented: leads II, III, aVF, and V4 to V6

...logical examinations (X-ray, echo) were without abnormalities. Part of the ECG is shown in figure 1. Only the extremity leads are shown (standard calibrat

==ECG algorithms to differentiate wide QRS-complex tachycardias== Several ECG algorithms have been developed to differentiate wide QRS-complex tachycardi

...this knowledge it is quite simple to recognize normal sinus rhythm on the ECG. ...s it is of great importance. Arrhythmias include the most life-threatening ECG abnormalities. In most settings, however, the rhythm will be sinus.

Image:E000549.jpg| Case 2b: ECG from the same patient before the MI occured.

ECG-characteristics:<cite>Wung</cite> ...sion or even elevation in II, III, and AVF) the distal LAD is occluded. An ECG that does not show any ST depression sugggests an occlusion after the origi

[[Image:ami0006.jpg|700px|thumb|left|ECG MI 6]]

||'''ECG Criteria'''||'''Points'''

...dia''' (anterogarde conduction through the abnormal accessory bundle). The ECG shows wide QRS complexes followed by retrograde P-waves. The RP-time is >>

ECG changes typical for digoxin '''use''' (digoxin = Lanoxin) are: ECG changes typical for digoxin '''intoxication''' are:

...ardiologist for medical advice. Physical examination was unremarkable; his ECG is shown in figure 1. An echocardiogram was completely normal.

...od by the RCA. Because no leads "look" at the posterior wall in the normal ECG, no leads show ST-elevation in case of a posterior wall infarction. The ST

[[File:E000603.png|thumb|This ECG shows frequent premature beats from the right ventricular outflow tract]] If more than one VPB is present on the ECG, they can be:

2 ventricular premature beats are also shown in this ECG

The '''Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)''' is characterized on the ECG by prolongation of the [[Conduction#The_QT_interval|heart rate corrected QT File:acquired_longQT.jpg|A 12-lead ECG of a patient with acquired long QT syndrome. Notice the QT prolongation. Th

of a laterally displaced ictus cordis. His 12-lead ECG, shown in figure 1, was in sinus rhythm with some extrasystoles. The electr

...nus node cannot leave the node towards the atria. They are blocked. On the ECG this is expressed as a pause. SA exit block can be distinguished from [[sin

...ial infarction'''. That is why it is critical to recognize ischemia on the ECG in an early stage. ...efore, it may be difficult to estimate the duration of the ischemia on the ECG, which is crucial for adequate treatment.

...hy. BBR VT is extremely rare and this diagnosis is difficult to make on an ECG. However, during an [[EP study|electrophysiologic study]] this diagnosis ca

==ECG - Show== [[File:E000026.jpg|thumb|300px|right|ECG 1 - Tombstone Elevaties]]

of a laterally displaced ictus cordis. His 12-lead ECG, shown in figure 1, was in sinus rhythm with some extrasystoles. The electr the case as shown in figure 2, which is the same ECG

==How do I begin to read an ECG?== [[Image:nsr.png|thumb| A short ECG registration of normal heart rhythm (sinus rhythm)]]

...sociated with a [[Conduction#The_QT_time|long QT interval]] on the resting ECG. Torsade de Pointes is typically initiated by a short-long-short interval. File:Torsades_de_Pointes_TdP.png|12-lead ECG of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) in a 56-year-old white female with a potassium

...metimes atrial fibrillation results in a course atrial flutter wave on the ECG, but the baseline can also be flat. A flat baseline is more often seen in l

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