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===What is ARVC?=== | ===What is ARVC?=== | ||
[[Image:arvdhart.png|thumb| A section throught the heart of a ARVC patient. (A) Transmural | [[Image:arvdhart.png|thumb| A section throught the heart of a ARVC patient. (A) Transmural fatty replacement of the right ventricular free wall. (B) Myocardial atrophy is confined to the right ventricle and substantially spares the interventricular septum as well as the left ventricular free wall. <cite>Corrado</cite> Reproduced with permission from BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. ]] | ||
'''Arrythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy''', (ARVC, or ARVD: Arrythmogenic Right Ventricular Disease) is characterized by fatty replacement and fibrosis of the heart. Especially the right ventricle apex and outflow tract are involved. However the left ventricle can be affected to. | |||
As a result of the fatty replacement and fibrosis, ventricular arrhythmias are common in this disease and can lead to palpitations, syncope and sudden death. At older age right ventricular pump failure can occur. | |||
The diagnosis is based on major and minor criteria, as published by the European Society of Cardiology.<cite>McKenna1994</cite> | |||
ARVC is a progressive disease. The '''incidence''' is estimated to be 1:3.000-1:10.000. Manifestations is usually during teenage. Although the diagnosis is more often made in athletes, sports are not thought to have a causative relationship with the disease. ARVD can occur in families; more than 9 different chromosomal defects have been described, most often with autosomal dominant inheritance. | |||
One unique form of ARVD, called Naxos disease (after the Greek island where it was first diagnosed), has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. | |||
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=== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
[[Image:epsilon_wave.png|thumb|Een epsilon golf in V1]] | [[Image:epsilon_wave.png|thumb|Een epsilon golf in V1]] | ||
ARVC is a difficult diagnosis to make. ECG characteristics that can occur in ARVC are: | |||
* Epsilon | * Epsilon waves | ||
* | * QRS prolongation (>110ms) in the precordial leads (V1–V3) | ||
* Late | * Late potentials on a [[signal averaged ECG]] | ||
The European Society of Cardiology has created a list of diagnositc criteria for the diagnosis of ARVC. | The European Society of Cardiology has created a list of diagnositc criteria for the diagnosis of ARVC. | ||
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=== | ===Treatment=== | ||
Treatment focusses on avoiding complications.<cite>ACC2006</cite> | |||
*Medication: | |||
* | **anti-arrithmics: Amiodarone, Sotalol | ||
* | **ACE-inhibitors to prevent cardiac remodelling | ||
*[[ | *Preventive [[ICD]] placements in patients in whom optimal medical treatment did not prevent [[ventricular tachycardia]] or [[ventricular fibrillation]]. Other patients who qualify for ICD placement: patients with severe disease with left ventricular involvement, patients with more family members who died of ARVD, patients who had a syncope while on medication and in whom arrhythmias cannot be excluded as a cause. | ||
*[[Ablation]] in patients with recurrent [[ventricular tachycardia]]. | |||
==Referenties== | ==Referenties== | ||
<biblio> | <biblio> |