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{{authors| | {{authors| | ||
|mainauthor= [[user:Pgpostema|P.G. Postema, MD]] | |mainauthor= [[user:Pgpostema|P.G. Postema, MD]] | ||
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The Long QT | The '''Long QT Syndrome''' is characterized on the ECG by prolongation of the [[Conduction#The_QT_interval|heart rate corrected QT interval]]. This was first recognized by dr. Jervell and dr. Lange-Nielsen in 1957. They described 4 children with a long QT interval which was accompanied by hearing deficits, sudden cardiac death and an autosomal recessive inheritance.<cite>Lang1957</cite> | ||
The Long QT syndrome may be divided into two distinct forms: congenital Long QT syndrome and acquired Long QT syndrome. These forms may however | The Long QT syndrome may be divided into two distinct forms: congenital Long QT syndrome and acquired Long QT syndrome. These forms may however | ||
'''Diagnosis''' | |||
*The diagnosis is by maesurement of the [[Conduction#The_QT_interval|heart rate corrected QT interval]] on the ECG. | |||
*Sometinmes the QT interval can be difficult to assess. Read the [[Difficult_QT|guidelines for measurement of difficult QT interval]]. | |||
*A QTc of > 500ms in patients with Long QT Syndrome is associated with an increased risk for sudden death.<cite>Priori</cite> | |||
*In patients suspected of LQTS (e.g. family members of known LQTS patients) a QTc > 430ms makes it likely that a LQTS gene defect is present.<cite>Hofman</cite> | |||
*Because the QTc can change with age, it is best to take the ECG with the longest QTc interval for risk stratification.<cite>Goldenberg</cite> | |||
'''Treatment'''<cite>ACC2006</cite> | |||
*"Lifestyle modification": | *"Lifestyle modification": | ||
** | ** No competitive sports in all LQTS patients | ||
** | ** No swimming in LQT1 patients | ||
** | ** Avoid nightly noise in LQT2 patients (e.g. no alarm clock) | ||
* | *Medication: beta-blockers. Beta-blockers even reduce the risk of sudden death in patients in whom a genetic defect has been found, but no QT prolongation is visible on the ECG. | ||
*[[:w:nl:Internal_Cardiac_Defibrillator|ICD]] | *[[:w:nl:Internal_Cardiac_Defibrillator|ICD]] implantation in combination with beta-blockers in LQTS patients with previous cardiac arrest or [[syncope]] or [[Ventricular Tachycardia|ventricular tachycardia]] while on beta-blockers. | ||
===Inborn LQTS=== | ===Inborn LQTS=== | ||
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#moss pmid=17470695 | #moss pmid=17470695 | ||
#priori pmid=12736279 | #priori pmid=12736279 | ||
#Hofman pmid=17090615 | |||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||
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