Clinical Disorders: Difference between revisions

[[w:Pericarditis|Pericarditis]] is an inflammation of the pericardium. This can lead to ST elevation in all leads. Therefore, it is important to distinguish pericarditis from a myocardial infarction, which has more acute complaints and ST-elevations are limited to the infarct area.

In pericarditis four stages can be used:

*stage I:    ST elevation in all leads. PTa depression (depression between the end of the P-wave and the beginning of the QRS- complex)

*stage II:  pseudonormalisation (transition)

*stage III:  inverted T-waves

*stage IV:  normalisation

Keep into account that in stage I pericarditis, ST-elevation is present in all leads except in aVR, V1 and III.

[[w:Myocarditis|Myocarditis]] is an inflammation of the myocardium and the interstitium. The symptoms are faint chestpain, abnormal heartrate and progressive heartfailure. It can be caused by several factors: viral, bacterial, fungi, parasites, spirochaet, auto-immune, borreliosis (Lyme's disease) and HIV/AIDS.  

Acute peri/myocarditis causes aspecific ST changes. These can be accompanied with supraventricular and ventricular rhythmdisturbances and T-wave abnormalities.

In case of a [[w:Pulmonary_embolism|pulmonary embolism]] several clinical features may be present:<cite>Rodger</cite>  

* Sinustachycardia

* Stress of the right ventricle:

**[[P_wave_morphology|Rightatriumdilatation]]

**Heartaxis is to the right

**[[bundlebranchblock|Right bundlebranchblock]]

* Deep S in I

* Q and negative T in III

* T wave inversion anterior <cite>Ferrari</cite>

Pulmonary embolism cannot solely by diagnosed using an ECG, but it may be helpful.