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Basics (view source)

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→‎The different ECG waves
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[[Image:PQRS_origin_en.png|thumb| The origin of the diffrent waves on the ECG]]
[[Image:PQRS_origin_en.png|thumb| The origin of the diffrent waves on the ECG]]
[[Image:Epi_endo_en.png|thumb| The QRS complex is formed by the sum of the electric avtivity of the inner (endocardial) and the outer (epicardial) cardiomyocytes]]
[[Image:Epi_endo_en.png|thumb| The QRS complex is formed by the sum of the electric avtivity of the inner (endocardial) and the outer (epicardial) cardiomyocytes]]
[[Image:Qrs-shapes.png|thumb| Example of the diffrent forms the QRS complex can take]]  
[[Image:Qrs-shapes.png|thumb| Example of the different QRS configuations]]  
The [[P_wave|'''P wave''']] is the result of the atrial depolarization. This depolarization starts in the SA (sino-atrial) node. The signal produces by pacemakercells in the SA node is conducted by the conduction system to the right and left atria. Normal atrial repolarisation is not visible on the ECG (but can be visible during [[atrial infarction]] and [[pericarditis]]).  
The [[P_wave|'''P wave''']] is the result of the atrial depolarization. This depolarization starts in the SA (sino-atrial) node. The signal produces by pacemakercells in the SA node is conducted by the conduction system to the right and left atria. Normal atrial repolarisation is not visible on the ECG (but can be visible during [[atrial infarction]] and [[pericarditis]]).  


The [[QRS_morfology|'''QRS complex''' ]] is een middeling van de depolarisatiegolven van de endomyocardiale (binnenste) en epicardiale (buitenste) spiercellen. Of te wel de depolarisatie van de venrtrikels. Doordat de endomyocardiale cellen net iets eerder epolariseren dan de epicardiale spiercellen, ontstaat het typische QRS patroon.  
The [[QRS_morphology|'''QRS complex''' ]] is the average of the depolarization waves of the inned (endocardioal) and outer (epicardial) cardiomyocytes. As the endocardial cardiomyocytes depolarize slightly earlier than the outer layers, a typical QRS pattern occurs (figure).  


The [[ST_morphology|'''T wave''']] represents the repolarisation of the ventricles. There is no cardiac muscle activity during the T wave.


De [[ST_morfologie|'''T golf''']] ontstaat door repolarisatie van de ventrikelcellen. Tijdens de T golf is er geen spieractiviteit (het hart staat stil).
One heart beat consists of a atrial depolarization --> atrial contraction --> p-wave, ventricular depolarization --> ventricular contraction --> ORS-complex and the resting phase (including the repolarization during the T-wave) between two heart beats.


Éen hartslag omvat een boezemsystole (contractie atria --> p-top), kamersystole (kamer contractie --> ORS-complex) en de rustfase (T-top) tussen twee slagen.
Have a look at this excellent [[http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html animation of the heart cycle]]


Zie ook deze [[http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html animatie van de hartcyclus]]
The origin of the '''U wave''' is unknown. This wave possibly results from "afterdepolarizations" of the ventricles.


De oorsprong van de '''U golf''' is onbekend. Mogelijk duidt deze golf op "afterdepolarisaties" van de ventrikels.
The letters "Q", "R" and "S" are used to describe the QRS complex:
*Q: the first negative deflection after the p-wave. If the first deflection is not negative, the Q is absent.
*R: the positive deflection
*S: the negative deflection after the R-wave


De letters QRS worden op verschillende manieren geschreven om verschillende vormen aan te duiden:
*small print letters (q, r, s) are used to describe deflections of small amplitude. For example: qRS = small q, high R, deep S.  
*Q: eerste negatieve deflectie na de p-top. Als die er niet is, is er dus geen Q
*R`: i used to describe a second R-wave (as in a [[right bundlebranch block])
*R: positieve deflectie
See figure for some examples of this.
*S: negatieve deflectei na de R-top
 
*met kleine letters (q, r, s) worden kleine deflecties aangegeven. Bijvoorbeeld: qRS = kleine q, hoge R, diepe S.
*R` (uitspraak: r-accent): wordt gebruikt om een tweede R-top aan te geven (bijvoorbeeld bij een rechter bundeltakblok)
Zie ook enkele voorbeelden op de afdeling rechts.


{{clr}}
{{clr}}
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