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Left axis deviation | Left axis deviation | ||
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==Conduction== | ==Conduction: definition of LBBB and RBBB in children== | ||
RBBB: if consistent morphology and if QRS width >90ms in children < 4 years and >100ms in children 4-16 years<cite>aha</cite> | *'''RBBB''': if consistent morphology and if QRS width >90ms in children < 4 years and >100ms in children 4-16 years<cite>aha</cite> | ||
LBBB: if consistent morphology and QRS width >90ms in children < 4 years and >100ms in children 4-16 years<cite>aha</cite> | *'''LBBB''': if consistent morphology and QRS width >90ms in children < 4 years and >100ms in children 4-16 years<cite>aha</cite> | ||
==Normal neonatal ECG standards== | ==Normal neonatal ECG standards== | ||
{| class="wikitable" font-size="80%" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;border-spacing:8px;" border="1" | {| class="wikitable" font-size="80%" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;border-spacing:8px;" border="1" | ||
|+Normal neonatal ECG standards | |+Normal neonatal ECG standards<cite>schwarz1</cite> | ||
! style="width:70px" | Age group | ! style="width:70px" | Age group | ||
! style="width:90px" | Heart rate<br/>(beats . min<sup>-1</sup>) | ! style="width:90px" | Heart rate<br/>(beats . min<sup>-1</sup>) | ||
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{| class="wikitable" font-size="80%" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;border-spacing:8px;" border="1" | {| class="wikitable" font-size="80%" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;border-spacing:8px;" border="1" | ||
|+ Distinguishing tachyarrhythmias in infants | |+ Distinguishing tachyarrhythmias in infants<cite>schwarz1</cite> | ||
! | ! style="width:80px" | | ||
! Sinus tachycardia | ! style="width:200px" | Sinus tachycardia | ||
! SVT | ! style="width:200px" | SVT | ||
! Atrial flutter | ! style="width:200px" | Atrial flutter | ||
! VT | ! style="width:200px" | VT | ||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | '''History''' | |||
| valign="top" | Sepsis, fever, hypovolaemia, etc. | |||
| valign="top" | Usually otherwise normal | |||
| valign="top" | Most have a normal heart | |||
| valign="top" | Many with abnormal heart | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | '''Rate''' | |||
| valign="top" | Almost always <230 b/min | |||
| valign="top" | Most often 260–300 b/min | |||
| valign="top" | Atrial 300–500 b/min. Vent. 1:1 to 4:1 conduction | |||
| valign="top" | 200–500 b/min | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | '''R-R interval variation''' | |||
| valign="top" | Over several seconds may get faster and slower | |||
| valign="top" | After first 10–20 beats, extremely regular | |||
| valign="top" | May have variable block (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) giving different ventricular rates | |||
| valign="top" | Slight variation over several beats | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | '''P wave axis''' | |||
| valign="top" | Same as sinus almost always visible P waves | |||
| valign="top" | 60% visible P waves, P waves <em>do not</em> look like sinus P waves | |||
| valign="top" | Flutter waves (best seen in LII, LIII, aVF, V<sub>1</sub>) | |||
| valign="top" | May have sinus P waves continuing unrelated to VT (AV dissociation), retrograde P waves, or no visible P waves | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | '''QRS''' | |||
| valign="top" | Almost always same as slower sinus rhythm | |||
| valign="top" | After first 10–20 beats, almost always same as sinus | |||
| valign="top" | Usually same as sinus, may have occasional beats different from sinus | |||
| valign="top" | Different from sinus (<em>not</em> necessarily ‘wide’) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>SVT = Supraventricular tachycardia</li> | |||
<li>VT = ventricular tachycardia</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|} | |} | ||