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A Concise History of the ECG (view source)
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|This overview has been adapted from Dean Jenkins's and Stephen Gerred's [http://www.ecglibrary.com ECGlibary.com], for which they are gratefully acknowledged. | |This overview has been adapted from Dean Jenkins's and Stephen Gerred's [http://www.ecglibrary.com ECGlibary.com], for which they are gratefully acknowledged. | ||
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'''1953''' Osborn, while experimenting with hypothermic dogs, describes the prominent J (junctional) wave, often known as the "Osborn wave". He found the dogs were more likely to survive if they had an infusion of bicarbonate and supposed the J wave was due to an injury current caused by acidosis. Osborn JJ. Experimental hypothermia: respiratory and blood pH changes in relation to cardiac function. Am J Physiol 1953;175:389. | '''1953''' Osborn, while experimenting with hypothermic dogs, describes the prominent J (junctional) wave, often known as the "Osborn wave". He found the dogs were more likely to survive if they had an infusion of bicarbonate and supposed the J wave was due to an injury current caused by acidosis. Osborn JJ. Experimental hypothermia: respiratory and blood pH changes in relation to cardiac function. Am J Physiol 1953;175:389. | ||
[[File:Osborn-wave.gif| | [[File:Osborn-wave.gif|thumb|150px|right|Osborn wave. 81-year-old black male with BP 80/62 and temperature 89.5 degrees F (32 C).]] | ||
'''1955''' Richard Langendorf publishes the "rule of bigeminy" whereby ventricular bigeminy tends to perpetuate itself. Langendorf R, Pick A, Winternitz M. Mechanisms of intermittent ventricular bigeminy. I. Appearence of ectopic beats dependent upon the length of the ventricular cycle, the "rule of bigeminy." circulation 1955;11:442. | '''1955''' Richard Langendorf publishes the "rule of bigeminy" whereby ventricular bigeminy tends to perpetuate itself. Langendorf R, Pick A, Winternitz M. Mechanisms of intermittent ventricular bigeminy. I. Appearence of ectopic beats dependent upon the length of the ventricular cycle, the "rule of bigeminy." circulation 1955;11:442. | ||
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'''1966''' François Dessertenne of Paris publishes the first case of '[[Torsade de pointes]]' Ventricular Tachycardia. <cite>Dessertenne</cite> | '''1966''' François Dessertenne of Paris publishes the first case of '[[Torsade de pointes]]' Ventricular Tachycardia. <cite>Dessertenne</cite> | ||
'''1968''' Journal of Electrocardiography, the Official Journal of the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology and the International Society of Electrocardiology, is founded by Zao and Lepeschkin. | '''1968''' Journal of Electrocardiography, the Official Journal of the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology and the International Society of Electrocardiology, is founded by Zao and Lepeschkin. | ||
[[Image:HMarriott.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Barney Marriott. Image courtesy of [http://www.rogersheart.com/history.htm Rogers Heart Foundation]]] | |||
'''1968''' Henry J. L. "Barney" Marriott MD, FACP, FACC introduces the modified CL [http://www.gjwhalen.com/pdf/EfMBtn3.pdf] ("MCL") system (M for modified, C for chest and L for left arm) for constant monitoring of patients in coronary intensive care units. <cite>Marriott1</cite><cite>Marriott2</cite><cite>Marriott3</cite><cite>Marriott4</cite> | '''1968''' Henry J. L. "Barney" Marriott MD, FACP, FACC introduces the modified CL [http://www.gjwhalen.com/pdf/EfMBtn3.pdf] ("MCL") system (M for modified, C for chest and L for left arm) for constant monitoring of patients in coronary intensive care units. <cite>Marriott1</cite><cite>Marriott2</cite><cite>Marriott3</cite><cite>Marriott4</cite> | ||
'''1969''' Rosenbaum reviews the classification of ventricular premature complexes and adds a benign form that arises from the right ventricle and is not associated with heart disease. This becomes known as the 'Rosenbaum ventricular extrasystole'. <cite>Rosenbaum</cite> | '''1969''' Rosenbaum reviews the classification of ventricular premature complexes and adds a benign form that arises from the right ventricle and is not associated with heart disease. This becomes known as the 'Rosenbaum ventricular extrasystole'. <cite>Rosenbaum</cite> | ||
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'''1976''' Erhardt and colleagues describe the use of a right-sided precordial lead in the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction which has previously been thought to be electrocardiographically silent. <cite>Erhardt</cite> | '''1976''' Erhardt and colleagues describe the use of a right-sided precordial lead in the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction which has previously been thought to be electrocardiographically silent. <cite>Erhardt</cite> | ||
'''1982''' Hein J. J. Wellens et al first described | '''1982''' Hein J. J. Wellens, et al. first described two electrocardiographic patterns that were predictive of tight, critical stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and were subsequently termed Wellens' syndrome. <cite>Wellens</cite> | ||
[[File:Wellens' warning.png|thumb|150px|right|69-year-old black male; no chest pain; troponin 0.17 ng/mL. "Baseline" (top). Current (bottom) two years later; Wellens' warning.]] | |||
'''1988''' Professor John Pope Boineau of Washington University School of Medicine publishes a 30-year perspective on the modern history of electrocardiography. <cite>Boineau</cite> | '''1988''' Professor John Pope Boineau of Washington University School of Medicine publishes a 30-year perspective on the modern history of electrocardiography. <cite>Boineau</cite> | ||
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'''2008''' Dr. Haïssaguerre et al. study ECGs from patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and find that patients with early repolarization on their ECG (elevation of the QRS-ST junction of at least 0.1 mV from baseline, which is usually considered a benign finding) is associated with a doubled risk of ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) shock during follow up. <cite>Haiss</cite> | '''2008''' Dr. Haïssaguerre et al. study ECGs from patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and find that patients with early repolarization on their ECG (elevation of the QRS-ST junction of at least 0.1 mV from baseline, which is usually considered a benign finding) is associated with a doubled risk of ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) shock during follow up. <cite>Haiss</cite> | ||
'''2010''' Dr. Sinner et al. studied ECGs in the general population. 13.1% of these had an early repolarization pattern, which was associated with a 2-5 fold risk of sudden death among individuals between 35 and 54 years of age. <cite>Sinner</cite> | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
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#Marriott3 Marriott HJL. ''Practical Electrocardiography''. 8th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1988, p.10 & p.120 | #Marriott3 Marriott HJL. ''Practical Electrocardiography''. 8th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1988, p.10 & p.120 | ||
#Marriott4 Marriott HJL. Fogg E: ''Constant monitoring for cardiac dysrhythmias and blocks''. Volume XXXIX, No. 6: Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease '''39''':103; June 1970. | #Marriott4 Marriott HJL. Fogg E: ''Constant monitoring for cardiac dysrhythmias and blocks''. Volume XXXIX, No. 6: Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease '''39''':103; June 1970. | ||
#Wellens | #Wellens pmid=6121481 | ||
#Sinner pmid=20668657 | |||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||