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This movie shows a computer model of ventricular fibrillation in the human heart.[1] Read this if you want to use this image in a presentation. Link to the file (click with right mouse button and choose save as... to download the file to your computer).

references

1. Ten Tusscher KH, Hren R, and Panfilov AV. Organization of ventricular fibrillation in the human heart. Circ Res. 2007 Jun 22;100(12):e87-101. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.150730 |

2. Erbel R, Alfonso F, Boileau C, Dirsch O, Eber B, Haverich A, Rakowski H, Struyven J, Radegran K, Sechtem U, Taylor J, Zollikofer C, Klein WW, Mulder B, Providencia LA, and Task Force on Aortic Dissection, European Society of Cardiology. Diagnosis and management of aortic dissection. Eur Heart J. 2001 Sep;22(18):1642-81. DOI:10.1053/euhj.2001.2782 |
3. Milewicz DM, Dietz HC, and Miller DC. Treatment of aortic disease in patients with Marfan syndrome. Circulation. 2005 Mar 22;111(11):e150-7. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000155243.70456.F4 |
4. Vahanian A, Baumgartner H, Bax J, Butchart E, Dion R, Filippatos G, Flachskampf F, Hall R, Iung B, Kasprzak J, Nataf P, Tornos P, Torracca L, Wenink A, Task Force on the Management of Valvular Hearth Disease of the European Society of Cardiology, and ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: The Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2007 Jan;28(2):230-68. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl428 |

=Normal tracing

• Normal ECG

Technical Problems

• Technical ProblemsLeads misplaced
• Artifacts

Sinus node rhythms and arrhythmias

• Sinus rhythm
• Sinus tachycardia (>100 beats per minute)
• Sinus bradycardia (<50 beats per minute)
• Sinus arrest or pause
• Sino-atrial exit block

!Other Supraventricular Rhythms |

| Atrial premature complexes

| Atrial premature complexes, nonconducted

| Ectopic atrial rhythm

| Atrial fibrillation

| Atrial flutter

| Junctional premature complexes

| Supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal

!Ventricular Arrhythmias |

| Ventricular premature complexes

| Ventricular escape complexes or rhythm

| Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

| Ventricular tachycardia

| Ventricular tachycardia, polymorphous (including torsade de pointes)

| Ventricular fibrillation

!Genetic Arrhythmias |

| Long QT syndrome*

| Brugada syndrome*

| Arrythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy*

| Catecholamin Induced Ventricular Tachycardia*

!Atrial Ventricular Conduction |

| First-degree AV block

| Mobitz Type 1 second-degree AV block (Wenckebach)

| Mobitz Type 2 second-degree AV block

| AV block or conduction ratio, 2:1

| AV block, varying conduction ratio

| AV block, advanced (high-grade)

| AV block, complete (third-degree)

| AV dissociation

!Intraventricular Conduction |

| Left bundle branch block (fixed or intermittent)

| Right bundle branch block (fixed or intermittent, complete or incomplete)

| Intraventricular conduction delay, nonspecific

| Aberrant conduction of supraventricular beats

| Left anterior fascicular block

| Left posterior fascicular block

| Ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern)

!QRS axis and voltage |

| Right axis deviation (+90 to +180 degrees)

| Left axis deviation (-30 to -90 degrees)

| Indeterminate axis

| Electrical alternans

| Low voltage (less than 0.5 mV total QRS amplitude in each extremity lead and less than 1.0 mV in each Precordial lead)

!Chamber Hypertrophy and Enlargment |

| Left atrial enlargement, abnormality, or conduction defect

| Right atrial abnormality

| Left ventricular hypertrophy (QRS abnormality only)

| Left ventricular hypertrophy with secondary ST-T abnormality

| Right ventricular hypertrophy with or without secondary ST-T abnormality

!Repolarization (ST-T,U) Abnormalities |

| Early repolarization (normal variant)

| Juvenile T waves (normal variant)

| Nonspecific abnormality, ST segment and/or T wave

| ST and/or T wave suggests ischemia

| ST suggests injury

| ST suggests ventricular aneurysm

| Q-T interval prolonged

| Prominent U waves

| Cardiac Memory*

!Myocardial Infarction |

| Inferior MI (acute or recent)

| Inferior MI (old or age indeterminate)

| Posterior MI (acute or recent)

| Posterior MI (old or age indeterminate)

| Septal MI (acute or recent)

| Anterior MI (acute or recent)

| Anterior MI (old or age indeterminate)

| Lateral MI (acute or recent)

| Lateral MI (old or age indeterminate)

| Right ventricular infarction (acute)

| Lateral MI (acute or recent)

!Clinical Disorders |

| Chronic pulmonary disease pattern

| Acute pericarditis

| Suggests hypokalemia

| Suggests hyperkalemia

| Suggests hypocalcemia

| Suggests hypercalcemia

| Suggests CNS disease

!Pacemaker |

| Atrial-paced rhythm

| Ventricular-paced rhythm

| Atrial-sensed ventricular-paced rhythm

| AV dual-paced rhythm

| Failure of appropriate capture, atrial

| Failure of appropriate capture, ventricular

| Failure of appropriate inhibition, atrial

| Failure of appropriate inhibition, ventricular

| Failure of appropriate pacemaker firing

| Retrograde atrial activation

| Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

• not part of the ACC list