P Wave Morphology

«Step 4:Heart axis

Step 6: QRS morphology»

Author(s)	J.S.S.G. de Jong, MD, A. Bouhiouf, Msc
Moderator	J.S.S.G. de Jong, MD
Supervisor
some notes about authorship

Normal sinus rhythm with a positive p wave in leads I, II en AVF and a biphasic p wave in V1.

Altered P wave morfology is seen in left or right atrial enlargement.

The PTa segment can be used to diagnose pericarditis or atrial infarction.

The P wave morphology can reveal right or left atrial stretch or atrial arrhythmias and is best determined in leads II and V1 during sinus rhythm.

Characteristics of a normal p wave:Spodick
The maximal height of the P wave is 2.5 mm in leads II and / or III The p wave is positive in II and AVF, and bifasic in V1 The p wave duration is usually shorter than 0.12 seconds

Elevation or depression of the PTa segment (the part between the p wave and the beginning of the QRS complex) can result from Atrial infarction or pericarditis.

If the p-wave is enlarged, the atria are enlarged.

If the P wave is inverted, it is most likely an ectopic atrial rhythm not originating from the sinus node.

Examples

• 
  An example of normal sinus rhythm.
• 
  Another example of normal sinus rhythm.

References

<biblio>

1. Spodick pmid=1575201

</biblio>