P Wave Morphology: Difference between revisions
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The p wave morphology can reveal right or left atrial stretch. | The ''p wave morphology'' can reveal right or left atrial stretch. | ||
The P-wave morphology is best determined in leads II and V1 during sinus rhythm. | The P-wave morphology is best determined in leads II and V1 during sinus rhythm. | ||
===The normal P wave=== | ===The normal P wave=== | ||
[[Image:normalSR.jpg|thumb| | [[Image:normalSR.jpg|thumb|Normal sinus rhythm with a positive p wave in leads I, II en AVF and a biphasic p wave in V1.]] | ||
Characteristics of a normal p wave:<cite>Spodick</cite> | |||
* | *The maximal height of the P wave is 2.5 mm in leads II and / or III | ||
* | *The p wave is positive in II and AVF, and bifasic in V1 | ||
* | *The p wave duration is usually shorter than 0.12 seconds | ||
Elevation or depression of the PTa segment (the part between the p wave and the beginning of the QRS complex) can result from [[Ischemia#Atrial infarction|Atrial infarction]] or [[Miscelaneous#Pericarditis|pericarditis]]. | |||
If the p-wave is enlarged, the atria are enlarged. | |||
{{clr}} | {{clr}} | ||
=== | ===Left atrial enlargement=== | ||
Criteria voor | Criteria for left atrial voor left atrial enlargement: | ||
P | P wave with a broad (>0,04 sec or 1 small square) and deeply negative (>1 mm) terminal part in V1, and / or >0,12 sec in laeds I and / or II | ||
[[Image:left_atrial_enlargement.jpg|thumb| | [[Image:left_atrial_enlargement.jpg|thumb| Left atrial enlargement]] | ||
[[Image:LAE_2.png|thumb| | [[Image:LAE_2.png|thumb| Left atrial enlargement with ECG.]] | ||
[[Image:ECG_LAtrD_v1.jpg|thumb| | [[Image:ECG_LAtrD_v1.jpg|thumb| Left atrial enlargement as seen in lead V1.]] | ||
''' | '''Left atrial enlargement''' is often seen in mitral valve insufficiency. | ||
{{clr}} | {{clr}} | ||
Revision as of 16:59, 20 May 2007
This article or section is currently being developed or reviewed. Some statements may be disputed, incorrect or biased. |
The p wave morphology can reveal right or left atrial stretch.
The P-wave morphology is best determined in leads II and V1 during sinus rhythm.
The normal P wave
Characteristics of a normal p wave:[1]
- The maximal height of the P wave is 2.5 mm in leads II and / or III
- The p wave is positive in II and AVF, and bifasic in V1
- The p wave duration is usually shorter than 0.12 seconds
Elevation or depression of the PTa segment (the part between the p wave and the beginning of the QRS complex) can result from Atrial infarction or pericarditis.
If the p-wave is enlarged, the atria are enlarged.
Left atrial enlargement
Criteria for left atrial voor left atrial enlargement:
P wave with a broad (>0,04 sec or 1 small square) and deeply negative (>1 mm) terminal part in V1, and / or >0,12 sec in laeds I and / or II
Left atrial enlargement is often seen in mitral valve insufficiency.
Rechterariumbelasting
Criteria voor RA-hypertrofie/-overbelasting:
P >2,5 mm in II en/of III en/of aVF, en/of P >1,5 mm in V1(eerste positieve deel--> vector is anterior georienteerd)).
Rechteratriumbelasting kan een aanwijzing zijn voor een hoge druk in de ateria pulmonalis, bijvoorbeeld bij een longembolie. Op het ECG (V1) is een groot eerste deel van de bifasiche P-top een teken voor rechter-boezemhypertrofie. De breedte van de P-top blijft normaal. De toename in de activatieduur van de rechteratria valt samen met die van de linkeratria en zal dus niet detecteerbaar zijn.
Biatriale belasting
Bifasische P in V1 > 0.04 sec, positief initieël deel >1.5mm en een negatief terminaal deel > 1mm
Biatriale belasting vertoont op het ECG tekenen van zowel rechter- als linkeratriumhypertrofie. V1 laat een groot eerste deel van de bifasische P-top en een diep breed tweede deel van de bifaische P-top zien.
Referenties
- Spodick DH, Raju P, Bishop RL, and Rifkin RD. Operational definition of normal sinus heart rate. Am J Cardiol. 1992 May 1;69(14):1245-6. DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(92)90947-w |
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