A Concise History of the ECG: Difference between revisions

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'''2005''' Danish cardiologists report the successful reduction in the time between onset of chest pain and primary angioplasty when the ECG of patients is transmitted wirelessly from ambulance to the cardiologist's handheld PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). The clinician can make an immediate decision to redirect patients to the catheter lab saving time in transfers between hospital departments. Clemmensen P, Sejersten M, Sillesen M et al. Diversion of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients for primary angioplasty based on wireless prehospital 12-lead electrocardiographic transmission directly to the cardiologist's handheld computer: a progress report. J Electrocardiol. 2005 Oct;38(4 Suppl):194-8
'''2005''' Danish cardiologists report the successful reduction in the time between onset of chest pain and primary angioplasty when the ECG of patients is transmitted wirelessly from ambulance to the cardiologist's handheld PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). The clinician can make an immediate decision to redirect patients to the catheter lab saving time in transfers between hospital departments. Clemmensen P, Sejersten M, Sillesen M et al. Diversion of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients for primary angioplasty based on wireless prehospital 12-lead electrocardiographic transmission directly to the cardiologist's handheld computer: a progress report. J Electrocardiol. 2005 Oct;38(4 Suppl):194-8


==1850-1900==
In '''1843''' Emil Du Bois-Reymond, a german physiologist, was the first to describe "action potentials" of muscular contraction. He used a highly sensitive galvanometer, which contained more than 5 km of wire. Du Bios Reymond named the different waves: "o" was the stable equilibrium and he was the first to use the p, q, r and s to describe the different waves. <cite>Dubois</cite> However, in his excellent paper on the 'Naming of the waves in the ECG' Dr Hurst credits Einthoven for being the first to use PQRS and T.<cite>Hurst</cite>
In '''1850''' M. Hoffa described how he could induce irregular contractions of the ventricles of doghearts by administering electrical shock. <cite>Hoffa</cite>
In '''1885''' Chauveau was the first to describe complete heart block in a horse while observing ventricular beats without movement of the atrial auricles.
In '''1887''' the English physiologist Augustus D. Waller from Londen published the first human electrocardiogram. He used a capillar-electrometer. <cite>Waller</cite><cite>Waller2</cite>
[[Image:Einthoven.gif|thumb|[[w:Einthoven|Willem Einthoven (1860-1927), the founder of the current ECG]]]]
[[Image:einthECG1.png|thumb|ECG from Eindhoven's first publication. ''Pfügers Archiv March 1895, page 101-123'']]
[[w:Einthoven|The dutchman Willem Einthoven]] (1860-1927) introduced in 1893 the term 'electrocardiogram'. He described in '''1895''' how he used a galvanometer to visualize the electrical activity of the heart. In 1924 he received the Nobelprize for his work on the ECG. He connected electrodes to a patienta showed the electrical difference between two electrodes on the galvanometer. We still now use the term: Einthovens'leads. The string galvanometer (see Image) was the first clinical instrument on the recording of an ECG.
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