Ventricular Tachycardia
| This is part of: Ventricular Arrhythmias |
Ventricular tachycardia is defined as a sequence of three or more ventricular beats. The frequency must by higher than 100 bpm, mostly it is 110-250 bpm.
Ventricular tachycardias often origin around old scar tissue in the heart, e.g. after myocardial infarction. Also electrolyte disturbances and ischemia can cause ventricular tachycardias. The cardiac output is often strongly reduced during VT resulting in hypotension and loss of conciousness. VT is a medical emergency as it can deteriorate into Ventricular fibrillation and thus mechanical cardiac arrest.
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| Atrial rate | 60-100 bpm |
| Ventricular rate | 110-250 bpm |
| Regularity | regular |
| Origin | ventricles |
| P-wave | AV-dissociation |
| Effect of adenosine | no rate reduction (can accelerate) |
Example ECG: An example of a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 
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| Example ECG2: Ventricular tachycardia on a 12 lead recording | |
Ventricular tachycardia can be catechorized as follows:
- Non-sustained VT: three or more ventricular beats with a maximal duration of 30 seconds.
- Sustained VT: a VT of more than 30 seconds duration (or less if treated by electrocardioversion within 30 seconds).
- Monomorphic VT: all ventricular beats have the same configuration.
- Polymorphic VT: the ventricular beats have a changing configuration. The RR interval is 180-600 ms (comparable to a heart rate of 100-333 bpm).
- Biphasic VT: a ventricular tachycardia with a QRS complex that alternates from beat to beat. Associated with digoxin intoxication and long QT syndrome.
Examples
Ventricular tachycardia of 140 bpm with a left bundle branch block pattern and left heart axis.
Ventricular tachycardia of 250 bpm with a right bundle branch block pattern and right heart axis.
Ventricular tachycardia of 150 bpm with a right bundle branch block pattern and right heart axis. Mind the 5th and 6th complex from the right side. These are fusion complexes. Furthermore this ECG shows baseline drift, which is a technical artefact
Ventricular tachycardia of 145 bpm with a right bundle branch block pattern and left heart axis.
A non sustained VT of five beats duration
A biphasic VT in a patient with long QT syndrome
