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In hypertrophy the heart muscle becomes thicker. This can have different causes. Left ventricular hypertrophy results from an increase in left ventricular workload, e.g. , during hypertension or aortic valve stenosis. Right ventricular hypertrophy results from an increase in right ventricular workload, e.g. , emphysema or pulmonary embolization.
These causes are fundamentally different from [[Miscellaneous#Hypertrophic_Obstructive_Cardiomyopathy|hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HCM)]], which is a congenital misalignment of cardiomyocytes resulting in hypertrophy.
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;Criteria for left atrial voor left atrial enlargement. Either
:P wave with a broad (>0,.04 sec or 1 small square) and deeply negative (>1 mm) terminal part in V1:P wave duration >0,.12 sec in leads I and / or II
Left atrial enlargement is often seen in mitral valve insufficiency, resulting in back flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium and subsequent increased local pressure.
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