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→‎The history of the ECG

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 ==The history of the ECG==
-[[Image:Einthoven.gif|thumb|[[w:Einthoven|Willem Einthoven (1860-1927), the founder of the current ECG]]]]
+A [[A_Concise_History_of_the_ECG| concise history of the ECG]] is presented in a different chapter.
-[[Image:einthECG1.png|thumb|ECG from Eindhoven's first publication. ''Pfügers Archiv March 1895, page 101-123'']]
-[[Image:stringgalvanometer.jpg|thumb|Einthoven's string-galvanometer, now in the Science Museum in Londen. The patient had to put his hands in salt baths to which the electrodes were connected. ''Image from the [http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/aboutus/history_center/conferences/che2004/Landman.pdf IEEE history society]''.]]
-[[Image:modern_ecg.jpg|thumb|The last generation of ECG equipment. Image courtesy of [http://www.gehealthcare.com/euen/cardiology/ General Electric]]]
-The history of the ECG goes back more than one and a half century
-In '''1843''' Emil Du Bois-Reymond, a german physiologist, was the first to describe "action potentials" of muscular contraction. He used a highly sensitive galvanometer, which contained more than 5 km of wire. Du Bios Reymond named the different waves: "o" was the stable equilibrium and he was the first to use the p, q, r and s to describe the different waves. <cite>Dubois</cite> However, in his excellent paper on the 'Naming of the waves in the ECG' Dr Hurst credits Einthoven for being the first to use PQRS and T.<cite>Hurst</cite>
-In '''1850''' M. Hoffa described how he could induce irregular contractions of the ventricles of doghearts by administering electrical shock. <cite>Hoffa</cite>
-In '''1887''' the English physiologist Augustus D. Waller from Londen published the first human electrocardiogram. He used a capillar-electrometer. <cite>Waller</cite>
-[[w:Einthoven|The dutchman Willem Einthoven]] (1860-1927) introduced in 1893 the term 'electrocardiogram'. He described in '''1895''' how he used a galvanometer to visualize the electrical activity of the heart. In 1924 he received the Nobelprize for his work on the ECG. He connected electrodes to a patienta showed the electrical difference between two electrodes on the galvanometer. We still now use the term: Einthovens'leads. The string galvanometer (see Image) was the first clinical instrument on the recording of an ECG.
-In 1905 Einthoven recorded the first 'telecardiogram' from the hospital to his laboratoy 1.5 km away.
-In 1906 Einthoven published the first article in which he described a series of abnormal ECGs: left- and right bundlebranchblock, left- and right atrialdilatation, the U wave, notching of the QRS complex, ventricular extrasystoles, bigemini, atrialflutter and total AV block. <cite>Einthoven</cite>
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