ECGs in Athletes: Difference between revisions

!P wave

<li>left atrial enlargement: negative portion of the P wave in lead V1 � 0.1 mV in depth and �0.04 s in duration</li>

<li>right atrial enlargement: peaked P wave in leads II and III or V1 � 0.25 mV in amplitude</li>

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<li>frontal plane axis deviation: right ≥ +120° or left –30° to –90°;</ul>

<li>increased voltage: amplitude of R or S wave in in a standard lead ≥2 mV, S wave in lead V1 or V2 ≥ 3 mV, or R wave in lead V5 or V6 ≥ 3 mV;</ul>

<li>abnormal Q waves ≥ 0.04 s in duration or ≥ 25% of the height of the ensuing R wave or QS pattern in

two or more leads;</ul>

<li>right or left bundle branch block with QRS duration ≥ 0.12 s;</ul>

<li>R or R' wave in lead V1 ≥ 0.5 mV in amplitude and R/S ratio ≥ 1.</ul>

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<li>ST-segment depression or T-wave flattening or inversion in two or more leads;</ul>

<li>prolongation of heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) > 0.44 s in males and > 0.46 s in females.</ul>

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<li>premature ventricular beats or more severe ventricular arrhythmias;</ul>

<li>supraventricular tachycardias, atrial flutter, or atrial fibrillation;</ul>

<li>short PR interval (< 0.12 s) with or without ‘delta’ wave;</ul>

<li>sinus bradycardia with resting heart rate ≤ 40 beats/mina;^a</ul>

<li>first (PR ≥ 0.21 s^b), second or third degree atrioventricular block.</ul>

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<sup>a/sup>Increasing less than 100 beats/min during limited exercise test.

^bNot shortening with hyperventilation or limited exercise test.